LIGHTING AT WORK [ APLIKASI PENERANGAN DI TEMPAT KERJA]
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When people ask to us, CAN LIGHTING AFFECT HEALTH AND SAFETY?
The answer is YES, Ofcourse Lighting at work can affect health and safety.
try to check and identify the lighting problems in your workplace right now.
any comments and questions even critic contact me soon.
Lighting at work can affect health and safety by:
1. Making it difficult to see and recognize hazards in the workplace
2. Causing or contributing to eye strain, result from:
Performing very fine visual work for extended periods
Glare, reflections and shadows
Reading poorly printed or written text
Poor lighting
Looking for too long at the same thing
Excessive focusing and re-focusing of the eyes
Looking at dark things and then bright things frequently
3. Adopting stressful postures at work to see properly
4. Causing a range of other problems that can directly or indirectly affect health and safety:
Flickering Lights
Adapting from bright to dim lighting and dim to light
Ultraviolet light and infra red light, under certain conditions may cause significant damage to the eyes and skin
Other health effects such as: computer screens lead to eyestrain, etc.
WHEN PEOPLE ASK, HOW SHOULD LIGHTING AT WORK BE APPROACHED ?
THE answer are:
The General Approach Consist of Three Main Steps:
1. Design the workplace to avoid lighting problems
2. Identify and assess lighting problems and difficulties in the workplace
3. Develop, implement and evaluate solutions to lighting problems
STEP 1. DESIGN
- Lighting and the lighting needs of employees should always be considered during the design of buildings, work areas, work stations, machinery, tools and equipment
- Its quite possible to design specific lighting installations to achieve required illumination levels to control glare and shadows, and to satisfy health and safety requirements
STEP 2. IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING LIGHTING PROBLEMS
- Workplace consultation
- Using accident reports and investigations
- Using consultant
- Assessing lighting levels, glare, reflections and shadows
- Considering other factors such as posture, visual rest, color, time and people with visual defects
Then, how we assess Lighting Levels?
1. Lighting levels depends on The Amount and The Quality of Lighting
- The quality of the lighting depends on:
- The number and types of lights in use
- The types of light fittings in use
- The position of the lights
- How colors appear under them and
- How well the lighting system is maintained
2. The amount of light in an area can be measured by Lux-meter
Assessing Glare
- Glare occurs when one part or area of what we are looking at is much brighter that everything else that we can see
- When glare prevents us from seeing things properly it is called Disability Glare
- Glare may just causes annoyance, discomfort, irritation or distraction the situations is called DISCOMFORT GLARE
- Sources of glare at work are: windows and skylights, the sun, lights, and very bright, shiny or glossy surfaces that reflect light sources
Assessing Reflections
- Sometimes the thing that is being looked at can’t be seen properly because of reflections
- When they interfere with visibility they are called VEILING REFLECTIONS
Assessing Shadows
- Shadows in the workplace can be a problem by creating too much contrast in the work area and may contribute to glare problems
- They can reduce the visibility of work and a poor posture to see the work at hand may be adopted
STEP 3. DEVELOPING, IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING SOLUTIONS TO LIGHTING PROBLEMS
Possible control measures or solutions to lighting problem are:
1. Modify The Existing Lighting System:
Lowering or raising lights
Changing the orientation or position of lights
Increasing or decreasing the number of lights
Changing the type of light
Changing the fittings or housing
Changing the coloring of the lights used
2. Modify The Task
Bring it closer to the eye so the detail can be seen
Providing a magnifier or similar aid
Changing the position of the work to avoid shadows, reflections, sources of glare or visual distractions
Modifying the task so it can be seen better, e.g. increasing the size of lettering and numbers on dials
3. Change The Workplace Surface
4. Maintain and Clean Lights and Lighting fittings
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
- A flashing light alarm may convey important information such as the type of hazards present
- Illuminated EXIT lights help in the evacuation of people from dangerous situations
- Good light alarms can tell us what’s wrong and what to do in emergencies
- Independent emergency lighting systems exits to provide minimum safe lighting levels when the normal lighting system fails